The structure of bone healing process

Fracture healing or bone healing is physiological proliferative procedure that helps body to recover the bone fracture. Generally the doctor treats the bone fractured patient. He pushes up the dislocated bones to their proper place with the help of anesthetic, stabilizes the fracture site and let the natural healing procedure to reinstate the bone. The process of bone healing consists of many phases of recovery which depends on the status of damage. The protection of the damaged area also involved in the bone healing process. Physical movement and weight bearing also involved in some cases during bone healing. The medication and food supplement also play important role in the healing procedure. The upper body fractures mostly take three to four weeks while the lower body fractures take longer and may consist of eight to twelve weeks. It is recorded that the people of lower age healed before the old age people. The regeneration process of damaged bone also depends on the angle of fracture or broken. The bone marrow which exists in the bone itself helps the bone to recover the damage in short time before the remodeling phase. However, immobilization also helps the bone to recover sooner. Surgery also involved in some cases, here the healing process may last for more than three months. The fracture healing process mainly divided into three major stages. 1. Reactive Phase: consists of inflammatory phase and Granulation or tissue formation phase. After fracture, immediately the blood cells from the broken bone comes out, but stopped the bleeding by the constricting of blood vessels. In the next few hours the blood cells of extra vascular generate blood clot, also known as hematoma. These cells in blood clot, deteriorates and die. Fibroblasts replicate and stay alive in that area of bone damage. The fibroblasts produce a thin collection of cells, combined by the tiny blood vessels which are called granulation tissue. 2. Reparative Phase: including lamellar bone deposition, cartilage and callus formation. After some days, the periosteum cells reproduced. The periosteum cells lay into fractured portion to develop hyaline cartilage. The osteoblasts developed there to form the woven bone. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts continuously grow up to bond together from both broken sides. The fracture callus is generated in the result of that process. Slowly, this gap narrowed with the help of hyaline cartilage that produces woven bone to restore the damage bone back to strength. Lamellar bone is produced in next process. This process is called endochondral ossification. This lamellar bone produces when the collagen matrix gets mineralized. This process continues until the trabecular bone is generated. At this stage the damaged bone almost gains its original strength. 3. Remodeling Phase: remodeling of bone to original position. In this phase the compact bone generated and replaces the trabecular. The remodeling phase reproduces the original strength and shape of the damaged bone. This process usually takes three to five years. This tenure depends on different factors, such as age, physical strength, and food supplements.