The Resiliency Route to Authentic Self-Esteem

Every day of life, everyone draws upon what researchers call the innate capacity for overcoming adversity: Resiliency. When dealing life's small hassles, such as getting stuck in a traffic jam or diffusing an argument with a coworker, or making the necessary arrangements to take care of a suddenly sick child, adults draw upon this internal capacity for resiliency. Children do this when they struggle through a difficult math lesson, figure out a way to get home when they miss the bus, or cope with an irritable parent. When a major life crisis hits, people draw upon this capacity in a much bigger way.

The first step on the resiliency route to self-esteem is to believe the resiliency research: that everyone, of all ages, has an innate capacity for bouncing back. The second step is to identify individual personal patterns of doing this. Ask yourself, or facilitate your child or your friend or your client asking:

1. How have I done as well as I have done? What are the two or three biggest challenges (including crises or traumas) I have overcome in my life? What did I use to overcome them?
2. What do I use every day to effectively cope with the typical stresses in my life?
3. How can I use these strategies, supports, internal qualities to cope with what I am currently facing in my life?
In other words, what specific qualities, supports, skills, attitudes, aptitudes, and talents has any individual used to make it this far?

After making this list, it helpful to look over the list of Personal Resiliency Builders--qualities researchers have identified as especially useful in overcoming adversity--and identifying those most commonly used when facing a crisis, large or small. It is truly self-esteem building for anyone to see that they do have a few or even several of these research-based Resiliency Builders. These are, in fact, personal lifelines to overcoming adversity.

LIST OF PERSONAL RESILIENCY BUILDERS COMPILED FROM RESEARCH
ON QUALITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RESILIENCE

(Note: This list is a menu of personal qualities that help people of all ages bounce back from life adversity. No one has all of these; everyone has a few that are their individual lifelines for overcoming.

Put a check by the top three or four resiliency builders you use most often. Ask yourself how you have used these in the past or currently use them. Think of how you can best apply these resiliency builders to current life problems, crises, or stressors.)
[ ] Relationships -- Sociability/ability to be a friend/ability to form positive
relationships
[ ] Humor -- Has a good sense of humor
[ ] Inner Direction -- Bases choices/decisions on internal evaluation (internalrn locus of control)
[ ] Perceptiveness -- Insightful understanding of people and situations [ ] Independence -- "Adaptive" distancing from unhealthy people and
situations/autonomy
[ ] Positive View of Personal Future – Optimism; expects a positive futurern [ ] Flexibility -- Can adjust to change; can bend as necessary to positively cope
with situationsrn [ ] Love of Learning -- Capacity for and connection to learning
[ ] Self-motivation -- Internal initiative and positive motivation from within
[ ] Competence -- Is "good at something"/personal competence
[ ] Self-Worth -- Feelings of self-worth and self-confidencern [ ] Spirituality -- Personal faith in something greaterrn [ ] Perseverance -- Keeps on despite difficulty; doesn't give uprn [ ] Creativity -- Expresses self through artistic endeavor, or uses personal
creativity in other ways

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Give yourself (and others) credit for what you and they have gone through and overcome–and especially for whatever was used to do it! Even if you (or someone you love) currently faces a terrible problem, suspend focusing there, and take some time to thoroughly assess and appreciate what has already been accomplished in overcoming other difficulties. Then, ask of yourself or another: How can these strengths be used to overcome current life challenges?

This is a powerful approach. A school counselor told me recently how she applied it. A high school student, Sandy, was referred to this counselor because she was failing in two subjects, math and science. Normally, the counselor told me, she would immediately confront a student with the problem–in this case two failing grades–after making some brief small talk. Instead, after the small talk, she opened her session with this question: "Sandy, I have learned a little about your life. Tell me, how have you managed to do as well as you have done?" Sandy, the counselor reported, immediately burst into tears. "Never in all my years has anyone acknowledged what it has taken just to get to school," she said. Most of the rest of the session was spent identifying all the strengths Sandy had used to "do as well as she had done." Towards the end of the session, the counselor said, "Let's talk about how you can use all these strengths you have shared to bring your grades up in math and science."

The third step is to expand the list of resiliency-builders–ways we've overcome life's challenges--to include other strengths. "What are my strengths? How can I capitalize on them? What one, two, or three things can I do better than 10,000 other people?" are additional questions we should ask or help someone else ask. (Buckingham & Clifton, 2001).

This composite list of resiliency builders and other qualities, talents, skills, and aptitudes paint the most important, but most often overlooked and undervalued, picture of who we are.

For the last 30 years The Gallup Organization has been conducting research into the best way to maximize a person's potential. Two of the findings are "each person's talents are enduring and unique," and "each person's greatest room for growth is in the areas of his or her greatest strength." One of the conclusions of this research is: "The real tragedy of life is not that each of us doesn't have enough strengths, it's that we fail to use the ones we have"(Buckingham & Clifton, 2001). I would add another tragedy, connected to the first: We obsess about and overestimate the power of weakness, and we fail to recognize and underestimate the power of strengths.

Admittedly, using the resiliency route described here is not always easy to do. Our culture is obsessed with "what is wrong"–with our bodies, our homes, our leaders, our financial status, our material accumulation, and our children. And everyone is very specific in naming all that is wrong: "My thighs are too fat," "My carpets are dirty," "My income is too low," or "You are too lazy," "Your room is too messy." Rarely is anyone as constant and specific in giving oneself or others the credit that is due.

The approach I am suggesting here does not mean ignoring real problems–such as alcoholism, other self-destructive behavior, or an abusive, violent temper. But it does mean:

1. Giving ourselves and others credit for all we have overcome, all the ways we have demonstrated resiliency. And naming these accomplishments and the strengths we used in securing them as specifically as possible.
2. Spending time focusing on "how we (or others) have done as well as we've done", suspending the common obsession with what hasn't yet been accomplished.
3. Identifying other strengths–important lessons learned, virtues, talents, skills and capabilities, how we help or serve others, all the best things about being who we are.
4. Maximizing these strengths as the best path to success, and using them to solve current life problems.

The final step on "the resiliency route to authentic self-esteem and life success" is finding ways to live in personal strengths, to use them to the utmost as much as possible. "Too many individuals hide their ‘sundials in the shade'" conclude the authors of the Gallup research (Buckingham & Clifton, 2001). Rather than obsessing about correcting all the weaknesses, everyone should put their strengths to work, they advise. "Become an expert at finding and describing and applying and practicing and refining your strengths."

The happiest and most productive individuals are those who do just this, states Seligman (2001), past president of the American Psychological Association (APA) and a leading resiliency researcher. Seligman and several colleagues are spearheading a shift in psychology based on a recognition of the power and importance of human strengths. They have formed a new branch of psychology called Positive Psychology within the APA to create "a science of human strength to compliment the science of healing" (Seligman, 1998).

Ironically, social scientists are finding that achieving healing is more likely to occur through employing a focus on clients' strengths. People dealing with the serious problems mentioned above have historically struggled in therapies and programs that ignored their strengths. Fortunately, "the strengths approach" to helping people heal is gaining greater acceptance as a more powerful and successful approach.

"People are more motivated to change when their strengths are supported," concludes Dennis Saleebey (2001), editor of The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice. People I have interviewed who have left gangs, recovered from alcohol and other drug addiction, made it successfully through college despite a childhood of abuse, or overcome other significant traumas have told me the same thing.

"The people who helped me the most were the ones who told me ‘what is right with you is more powerful than anything that is wrong with you,'" a young man who successfully completed college despite a childhood of living in one foster home after another told me That is the most important message to communicate in successfully walking "the resiliency route to authentic self-esteem and life success."
REERENCES

Buckingham, M., & Clifton, D.O. (2001). Now, discover your strengths. New York: Free Press.

Henderson, N. (1999). Preface. In N. Henderson, B. Benard, N. Sharp-Light (Eds.), Resiliency in action: Practical ideas for overcoming risks and building strengths in youth, families, & communities. San Diego, CA: Resiliency In Action, Inc.

Rosemond, J. (2002, January 7). Unmerited praise doesn't help kids. The Wichita Eagle.

Saleebey, D. (Ed.) (2001). The strengths perspective in social work practice (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Seligman, M. (1998, September 3). Speech delivered to the National Press Club. Washington, D.C.

Seligman, M. (2001). Review of the book, Now, discover your strengths. Printed on back cover. New York: Free Press.

Smith, L.L., & Elliott, C.H. (2001). Hollow kids: Recapturing the soul of a generation lost to the self-esteem myth. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing.