Browse Life Coach and Life Coaching

A mother's letter to her adult daughter...by Glenda Gibbs Briefing - I had made an earlier request for help, to which my daughter didn't want to have anything to do with it. After sharing a few thoughts, I scripted the following and sent it. Note: With my daughter's permission and her name ...

Copyright 2003, Cosmiccoachingcentre.com I recently spent some time revising my personal vision/mission statement for my coaching practice. While doing this, it occurred to me that the visio I have for my work is closely related to my personal vision. Having a job that reflects my personal ...

Life skills have been defined by WHO as “abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life”. They represent the psycho-social skills that determine valued behaviour and include reflective skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking, to personal skills such as self-awareness, and to interpersonal skills. Practicing life skills leads to qualities such as self-esteem, sociabilit

Self-awareness is the explicit understanding that one exists. Furthermore, it includes the concept that one exists as an individual, separate from other people, with private thoughts. It may also include the understanding that other people are similarly self-aware. Self-awareness remains a critical mystery in philosophy, psychology, biology, and artificial intelligence.nnSelf-consciousness is credited only with the development of identity (see the self). In an epistemological

Employee mentoring programs are becoming increasingly common in both larger and smaller businesses. Just as large corporations will find that there are a number of advantages to having a corporate mentoring program, smaller businesses will find that mentoring in the workplace offers a number of ...

Bob Proctor is an icon in the Self Improvement industry. For 40 years, Bob Proctor has focused his entire agenda around helping people create lush lives of prosperity, rewarding relationships and spiritual awareness. After rising to the position of Vice President of Sales at Nightingale-Conant, he established his own seminar company. Bob Proctor now travels the globe, teaching thousands of people how to believe in and act upon the greatness of their own minds.

I am sure you have heard this title or formula either from the media, either from your girlfriends, complaining that they are the ones who sacrifice in a relationship. But is it truly possible to love too much? Firstly, we would have to agree on a definition of love so we can see who are the ...

Are you being tormented by a regret, a missed opportunity, a perceived mistake, a disappointment, or past hurts? Maybe something awful was done to you or perhaps you did something horrible to someone else. By focusing on bad events in the past, you're only hurting yourself more. Feel that tightness in your neck and shoulders? Hear that nagging, negative voice in your head? Imagine the relief if that was gone. Imagine how much better you'd feel if you'd get over what happened and move on with your life. Here’s how: 1. Name it.

We’ve all had to deal with difficult coworkers at one time or another. Whether it’s the person that screams and shouts, the person with the negative attitude, or the person that knows it all, conflict between coworkers is natural and inevitable. While we can’t change the difficult coworker, we ...

Are you currently doing things that may be negatively affecting your love relationship? We don’t always understand the impact of the things we do or say until it’s too late. It’s important to avoid the things that inadvertently hurt or push our partner away. Here are 10 things you should never do in a love relationship…ever! 1. Don’t stop falling in love over and over again

The 5 W’s and an H of Life

Have you ever felt out of touch with your own emotions? Do you wish you could emphathize more with the way others feel? Try these six exercises to improve your emotional intelligence and become an emotional Einstein! Take an Emotional Inventory During a typical day, you probably feel dozens of ...

Have you ever been asked the question, “What’s your aim in life?” Have you ever understood what the person asking the question meant? It’s quite a powerful question because it is a pretty direct and incisive way to ascertain what your purpose in life is and what you aim to achieve as a goal. ...

Did I get your attention? You might be sitting there thinking, “Patricia, you are really pushing it! You are just plain crazy with your positivity by calling rejection a gift. Rejection hurts too much to be good for me in any way.” I can relate to your viewpoint because I used to feel that way too. All I ask of you this week is that you contemplate the ideas I share. You just never know how your perspective might expand if you do.

Back when I was a cog in the corporate machine I was evaluated by my supervisor yearly. I was asked to provide a list of goals that I wished to attain for the following year. These were quite different than my life goals (most of which, at that time, revolved around dark chocolate and getting more sleep); they had to be serious and reachable within the next year. After presenting my list to my director I was asked to narrow down my top five goals, ones that I wanted to achieve within six months.

What does it mean to you to live an easy life? Do younenvision a life on the beach or around a pool, surrounded byneverything you need for relaxation and entertainment? I’mntalking about something else--to me, an Easy Life means anlife that is easy to live--a life without struggle ornhardship--a ...

Emotional Intelligence (EI), Narcissism and Private versus Secret As is often the case, what comes up for one of my clients tends to be a recurring theme for just about everyone I coach during certain periods of time and, as luck would have it, I lived with and was engaged to a ...

As human beings, we all have an innate need to be close to someone. But sometimes the very thing we desire is the opposite of what we have. Some of us subconsciously sabotage the relationships we want because of our fear of intimacy. Sometimes we unknowingly and unwillingly drift apart ...

Genius level thinking is not reserved only for highly mentally gifted. Geniuses have a system for how to work through problems, which they may or may not be conscious of. Once you learn the system, you can use it to solve problems the way geniuses do. The difference between them and you is that they’ve simply used their system longer than you have. Once you gain some practice with it, internalize it, and begin to use it automatically, the people in your life will see you as a genius to. Here are the 7 steps to genius level problems solving. 1.

How many times in your life have you put off doing something because you couldn’t decide the best course of action to take? I’ve known people plan to go out for a well earned meal with their partner and end up staying at home because they couldn’t make up their mind betwee Chinese or Italian. Heaven help the person who orders sweet and sour chicken when all along they should have been having lasagne!

Don’t Settle for Less in Life by Shelley Stile/Life Coach What happens when a sense of dissonance is ignored? More likely than not, it will result in a life filled with regret and bitte ess. A good friend of mine, Pat, has been married for about twenty-three years. She and her husband have three kids, plenty of money and a beautiful home. There is abundance in their lives in terms of material items. They hardly talk with the exception of check-ins on the children’s schedules.

“What we are today comes from our thoughts of yesterday, and our present thoughts build our life of tomorrow: Our life is the creation of our mind.” ~Buddha Did you know that you are where you are today because of yesterday’s thoughts? You’re feeding your tomorrow with what you’re thinking today. You are actually creating your future! Are you aware of how you’re feeding your future? Most of us are unconsciously feeding our future. Consider this…

As someone who's got some pretty big goals that I'm working towards, I’ve been doing a lot of reading lately. My focus has been on some of the traditionally great thinkers in the area of law of attraction, success, positive thinking and goal achievement — you know, Napolean Hill, James Allen, Bob Proctor and the like.

As a business owner you know the kinds of clients you want. Why not go one step further and make a list of actual companies you would like to have as clients? Then, get clear about who it is you want to contact within each company. What position does the person hold? Is it the owner? Is it ...

Being a woman in today’s society can be extremely fulfilling, but also challenging at the best of times. We know we should feel lucky and grateful after how far we’ve come in history. Yet, a lot of us may have taken on more that we can chew...

Be a New Media Radio Show Host 04-22-2010 - Interview with Warwick John Fahy-Author of the "One Minute Presenter" Executive Speech Coach, Workshop Trainer-Facilitator and MC. Warwick is is an expert in the art and practice of executive public speaking-he has demonstrated that on the show within 15 minutes. We talked about information overload and how do we get our message across effectively when most people are not even in the present listening to what we are saying. Warwick took us through the eight practical steps from his book:

Core Desires are those things you have your heart set on- what you want to be, have, or do most. One might think that identifying these Core Desires would be easy, but people often tell me, "I don't know what I want, please help me." This dilemma affects people of all age groups and crosses all political, social, and economic lines. People tell me that they don't know what they want to be, have, or do when they "grow up." They are still searching. NO SENSE OF OBLIGATION

According to Richard Bandler, creator of NHR, most of the problems and things that people do and bad feelings that they have work automatically but they weren’t there when you were a baby. These are all learned behaviours, and when you hypnotically repatte someone what you are basically doing is teaching them not to get to what they don’t want to get. Richard says that archival memory systems always have to have up-datable memory where you put new information in front of old information.

For teens it seems like everyone else is confident and successful … except them. The teen years can be a very difficult time. For teenagers, the changes in their physical body and their hormonal changes can create a lack of self confidence and self esteem. Imagine how your teen’s bodily changes verses the perceived norm or desired change can affect your teen’s self image. Now add in the increased pressure to fit in within their social structure and the pressures of school. Yes, the teen years are not easy.

Are you a dad or a father? A dad is someone who not only physically helped to create the life of a child, but also supports that child with the basic necessities (food, clothing and shelter) and provides guidance and advice to see his child through life. A dad demonstrates that he loves his ...

As you would probably expect, working in the field of personal development I get to spend a lot of my time with people talking to them about goal setting and visualisation. I cannot over emphasise the power of positive intention when it comes to manifesting an amazing life, but there is a common trap that too many people fall into while “dreaming their way to success”. One of the most significant developments in my realisation of what true success requires is the notion of being non-attached to the object or outcome of desire.

Sugar coated insults, or backhanded compliments are insults disguised as compliments. Sometimes a backhanded compliment can be inadvertent, other times the intention is to belittle or condescend. “You drive well for a woman!”, “you’re very clean and tidy for a guy”, “wow, you look amazing in that dress, it really hides your tummy!”… most of us have been the target of a sugar coated insult or two in our lives. These can leave us confused, frustrated, even angry, and often not knowing what to do about it.

Habits often have a bad reputation...but some habits can be helpful and healthy. Stop and think about your talents for a moment. What are you not doing that would help you enjoy your talents more, get more done or be more effective? It might be a practice that worked well for you in the past but that you stopped doing for some reason…or it could be a new activity that you’d like to try. (“Gosh, I just read an article about that guy who writes a song a day. I’d love to do something like that!”). It's possible to turn helpful or healthy practices into new habits.

Fear of failure. The words pierce the heart of any creative person. Everyone with talents has experienced doubt and self-doubt. Whether it takes the form of anxiety about the quality of your work -- or terror at the state of your career, fear of failure comes in different flavors and burbles up at different points in the creative process. It can interfere with your creativity, block your progress and instigate creative paralysis.

In this very competitive marketplace, everyone is looking to get ahead. For myself, my clients and most people - I don’t mean at the expense and failure of others. I am talking about using the untapped resources and opportunities within and around you, and propelling yourself to where you WANT to be – and not just trudging through life. Knowing that all successful sports athletes, top executives and the most respected entrepreneurs currently use coaches and mentors, it’s very apparent that in order to get ahead in life – it pays to get the right kind of help!

This week's episode: Finding Your Niche as a Radio Show Host-101-Part 2rn-Paying Music Royalty Fees -What are Radio Show Streaming Fees?-Live 365 Fees Review -What are Podcasting Rates?rn-How to Get Guests for Your Radio Show? with examples -Why You Need to Do PR Releases Next week we will begin to review the biggest names in Internet Radio Networks starting with Stickam.

Bad days suck. They make everything that's going well in your life seem a little darker. They can make you cranky and carry around all sorts of negative energy, emotions and memories. When you are in the midst of a bad day, its hard to see beyond it. Your top priority when starting a bad day is to stop it as soon as possible. Here are 5 Ways to Overcome a Bad Day: 1. Drink Before you get too excited, let's clarify. A cup of hot tea can often break a bad mood.

During our daily lives or in the midst of extraordinary circumstances, we often come upon worthy causes to donate to. However, because of one of any number of reasons we fail to make the donation. When you give even a little bit to an organization that helps others, you are making a positive impact. Just as multiple rain drops can cause a flash flood, your few dollars combined with the few dollars that thousands and millions also donate can change lives. So, why do good people hold back from donating when they really want to?

If you thought exercise was merely a necessary evil to keep your body slim and healthy, you’re missing some essential elements of what exercise is about. If you thought exercise was something you had to squeeze in between the demands of life and work because it’s supposed to be “good for you,” ...

If you’ve seen the Disney movie Aladdin, then chances are you’re familiar with the term “Diamond in the Rough.” When Jaffar is trying to open the Cave of Wonders, the cave tells him that he needs to find the “Diamond in the Rough” Which (SPOILER ALERT!) turned out to be Aladdin.

Each of us is unique in our own way and this means having different weaknesses and personal strengths. If we are to improve our personal strength we must be willing to face our weaknesses. Simply there is no other way for improving our personal strengths. It is very easy to believe you have no personal strengths in the light of your weaknesses, but the fact is you do.

Self-absorbed. Self-centered. Selfish. Narcissist. These are a few of the terms that we normally attribute to a person with an overwhelming sense of entitlement, a belief that they are the center of the universe, and to a person who doesn’t consider how their actions affect anyone else. These individuals will not change unless they choose to. Therefore, understanding them, and knowing how to deal with them is the circle of control you have to work within. If you are on the path of attaining balance and peace in your life, understanding the narcissist is important.

What Are The Symptoms of a Panic Attack? A panic attack generally comes without warning and is described as a sudden feeling of extreme terror or fear. This feeling of terror and panic may or may not be related to a current situation. The intensity of feelings and emotions are not in relation to the situation. You can have a panic attack any time of day or night. Common symptoms you might have during a panic attack are: • "Racing" heart • Feeling weak, faint, or dizzy • Tingling or numbness in the hands and fingers • Sense of terror, of impending doom or death

Why is it important to get into action?-because just doing visualization and positive affirmation isn’t going to attract what we want. It is just hoping that some day it will happen-there is no some day in our calendars! People like to pretend that they don’t have to do anything to attract what they want is an error in their thinking. There is unlimited power in using the positive and negative, balancing it out including using them to something other then fighting each other.

"It is discouraging to think how many people are shocked by honesty and how few by deceit." - Noel Coward The inspiration for this tip came after I had the great fortune to find out about the work of Gay and Kathlyn Hendricks. Together they run The Hendricks Institute, a hugely successful learning centre that teaches core skills for conscious living.

In working with creative people, I can’t help but notice that the vast majority of are perfectionists. It’s heart-breaking to watch this parade of extremely skilled, high achieving people who beat themselves up unnecessarily. Regardless of the degree of perfectionism, it’s painful. Perfectionists are rarely happy – and whatever joy they do experience, it doesn’t last long at all. They put themselves (and those around them) under tremendous, persistent pressure. It isn't pretty or pleasant.

Depending on your economic status, you are either having the time of your life, struggling to survive, or frustrated by stagnation and an inability to do anything. Right now, the rich are like children in a free candy store. The poor are fighting to keep their children fed and fear becoming ...

Time management is tricky for multi-talented, creative people. We have a lot of activities and tasks on our plates. And those plates are spinning. No sooner do we start project A when we suddenly get a great idea for project B and a key contact for project C calls out of the blue and…before we know it, the week is gone and there’s no disce ible progress on anything. How’s a DaVinci to give time and attention to everything? Which time management strategies allows you to get more done and make more progress in all your talents?

It’s easy for creative people to generate a million ideas – but it’s much more challenging to keep track of them. If you find yourself vaguely remembering you had a killer idea for a soundtrack/iPhone app/film plot/painting but you’re stumped as to what it was, it's time to get organized. You owe it to yourself to take a few steps to organize your ideas by capturing them, managing them and reviewing them regularly. Step One: Capture Your Ideas

More and more, the number one complaint I hear from women, whether in the business or in general, is that they don’t have enough confidence in themselves to do the things they want to do. So, I asked myself, “Why do so many women suffer from lack of self confidence”?

Coaching has become an ever-popular strategy to improve the bottom line whether it is for executive, corporate or career perspective. We human beings need little guidance or push at every stage of life, especially when stuck in an uncertain situation and cannot find solution we often look for guidance, motivation and mentorship that can boost our inner confidence while helping to get through it. In addition, people today are more open to the idea of being in charge of their o

Be a New Media Radio Show Host 04-15-2010 - Top 10 Ways to Monetize New Media: I always start the show by attempting to install some new DNA into New Media Radio Show Hosts by going over what they constantly need to do and keep their eyes on to be successful and I will do it until the cows show up in my studio. New Media Day Monetizing Panel Last week I talked about the traditional and some creative ways to monetize your radio show or podcast.

This article is excerpted from the brand new online workshop for my book, An Inner Jou ey: Living Your Life Purpose. Enjoy! This Is Your Brain on Fear There is a part of your brain that exists solely for your physical survival. It's called the "reptilian" brain because it's been with us for ...

A friend of mine recently lost over two stone. She went to visit her best friend, who she hadn’t seen in a while, expecting a big reaction to her very visible transformation. What did she get? Nothing. No shock, no excitement, no recognition, no pat on the back, no “well done”… nothing. When she told me about her disappointment at her friend’s reactio I wasn’t surprised.

FOR MORE THOUGHTS FROM THE SUCCESS ARCHITECT FOLLOW BILL ON TWITTER! visit www.twitter.com/coachbillnelson I have always believed that the strength of a team is the team itself. The people within the team, between them pretty much determine the success or otherwise of the team. Each individual brings a particular strength to the team and for that matter no doubt a particular weakness.

Passionate Self Care One of the surest methods to stay on a focused, purposeful course in your business, relationships … in all of your life, is to take extra special care of yourself. Oftentimes what happens is exactly the opposite: everyone and everything else in our lives takes precedence over our personal needs. What happens then? Everything crumbles. Nothing works. The entire system shuts down. What is your idea of self care?

There are many, many radio stations broadcasting across the airwaves every minute of ever day and night. Many of those are talk radio. Do you have something to say? Would you like to host your own show to express your passion?

"Death is not the biggest fear we have; our biggest fear is taking the risk to be alive - the risk to be alive and express what we really are.” - Don Miguel Ruiz Wouldn’t it be wonderful have a fool proof strategy for getting unstuck and moving forward again whenever you find yourself in the grip of fear? I once had an almost obsessive desire to discover ‘the magic formula’ for overcoming fear in any situation. Not just so I could use it as a coaching tool but more so because I felt I could really do with it in my own life.

This article is the second in a five part series of articles that looks at divorce and the children involved in the divorce. This article provided a discussion on the effect of divorce on children.

Do you know anyone who makes excuses for why they can’t exercise? Maybe you have been making excuses… According to research published in 2009 by the department of health, 61 % of the Irish population is overweight or obese. The ratio is 29% obese to 32% overweight. That’s a whole lot of people making excuses! Excuses rarely have anything to do with the reality of things, and often have a lot to do with a ridiculous rationalization for why one should stay fat and unhealthy.

A few years ago, I thought that mindset was about 10% of the reason for why one person would succeed, while someone else wouldn't. Then, the more I worked on myself, and the more I worked with clients, the more I thought it was like fifty fifty. Now, I believe that your success is 90% dependent on your internal state of mind. What this means is that you can't make more money, find a job, attract love, lose weight, or whatever it is that you want without first knowing what's getting in the way.

Have you see Kung Fu Panda yet? If not, I suggest you go out and buy or rent it. It's really amazing. I love the animation, but that's not even the best thing about this movie. It's what was said. Yes, there were a few things said in the movie that hit me right between the eyes. They were that powerful. There was one in particular that kind of hurt. Sort of like when someone smacks some sense into you.

Summer has oficially arrived! With good weather come skimpy clothes, ice cream and barbeques. The streets will be perfumed with the hunger inducing aroma of charcoaled sausages, chicken and burgers. Buns will come out too, together with salads and copious amounts of beer and wine. How can you avoid overdoing it with such culinary delicatessen on offer? How do you get to enjoy the sunny season’s celebrations without overeating or destroying all the hard work you’ve put in the gym for months? All is not lost! Here’s how you can enjoy your bbqs without too much collateral damage:

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Lao-tzu Eight years ago I was a control freak perfectionist workaholic! I worked 16 hour days, every day. One day, I found myself siting in my car in the parkade and crying. I was tired, sooo tired! Right then and there, I made a decision to change my life. I decided that I needed to take care of me! I decided to take back control of my life and start down a plan that focuses on creating a life that I am madly in love with! I started this journey by learning self love and self care.

ROCKETED INTO a 4TH DIMENSION of EXISTENCE Over the past weekend, I had the privilege of attending a “spiritual retreat” at a wonderful place of peace called Manresa . What is a spiritual retreat? Sounds out there! For me it is like taking a time out from life and listening to a leader lead discussions on things of the inner spirit (not necessarily religious) in a setting that is removed from a lot of life’s daily distractions; and after listening, to be able to ponder and meditate on things that were at one time baffling or just didn’t matter.r

“Writing is an exploration. You start from nothing and learn as you go.” - E. L. Doctorow I have written and spoken many times about strategies for creating authentic happiness, and the recurring theme has always been “Happiness is not something you can pursue; it is who you are”.

We all have difficult people in our lives, and unfortunately, we must deal with them to get things done in life. It can be your ex, your parents or your in-laws. It could be your employer, employees or co-workers. Sometimes it’s the store cashier, the customer service agent or another customer. It can be your own children. The fact is, bad situations can be made worse by difficult people, and difficult people can get worse depending on how we choose to interact with them. Would it be helpful if you knew exactly how to deal with difficult people? Why are difficult people difficult?

A client just asked: “I know I use food for comfort and to soothe myself. What can I do instead?” That is such a common question—and one that can be so difficult to answer--especially in the moment. When we want comfort, food can seem like such a quick, easy, accessible fix. I recommend that you spend some time generating a list of possible comfort strategies. They won’t all fit in every situation, but options are always helpful.

Best selling author Robert Greene wrote the wildly popular book, “The 48 Laws of Power”. The book teaches you step by step how to attain power (by the author’s definition) through intimidation, fear, scape-goating and deception. It provides historical references to how each law was effectively ...

“Speak well to yourself because your deep mind is always listening” I remember one evening at a boot camp session, when a fellow boot camper working out right beside me managed to slightly vex me, to put it nicely... her self-talk, which she let out for everyone to “enjoy” went on something like this: “O my god, it’s so hard, it’s so hard, it’s so hard, it’s so hard, it’s so hard...”

The third step on the path to becoming all that you are in this life, is realizing we are all one! I don’t just mean this in the way you might think. Realizing something is the act of making it real or manifesting it in your life. So, not only is this about understanding that we are all one, but this is also about manifesting the concept that we are all one into your physical reality. It is important to understand the evolution of this process and so I will review a bit of what I have said previously. The first step was letting go of ego.

Have you ever faced disappointment over something that didn’t go the way you planned? Have you ever wanted something so badly but were unable to obtain it? More than likely the answer is “Yes.” Life, along with its great joys, is sometimes filled with moments of disappointment. It is our response to setbacks that determines our ability to overcome them and move forward. A wise person said that life is 10% of what happens to us, and 90% of how we respond to it.

Any successful businessperson has taken a risk even when those around them may have tried to dissuade them. Donald Trump is a risk taker. Despite business setbacks, he did not allow fear and negativity to prevent him from becoming one of the most successful businessmen in America. Oprah Winfrey ...

Positive affirmations are still around as a self-improvement tool because they are helpful for many people. If they didn’t work, they’d be long-gone relics of the 1980’s alongside legwarmers, shoulder pads & the musical stylings of Frankie Goes to Hollywood. The problem for creative people, however, is that we get bored very easily and so affirmations lose their effectiveness in short order.

Today I find myself collecting spiders to use with a client with a phobia. I’d usually spend most of the time either ignoring them, killing them or sweeping them off my walls… but today I am actually actively looking for them. Who would have thought! I used to fear them myself once, but now, I really don’t see the point. Do you suffer from a paralysing phobia? Are irrational fears keeping you from living a normal life?

Why Tens of Thousands of People are Becoming Life Coaches About 5 years ago I wrote an article entitled “Healing from the Inside Out” that was published on this site. It stated that the consciousness movement around the world reflected advancement in human evolution – a growing recognition, ...Why Tens of Thousands of People are Becoming Life Coaches

This is the most frequent question that existing and potential new radio show hosts ask me-Why You Do Not Have Enough Listeners? There can be a number of reasons: -Your content is not interesting enough, engaging and or entertaining. You have other motives then foremost being at service to your audience -You are not being real and authentic as a human being.

Have you ever marveled at how a couple dancing can flow with grace and energy and then your eyes shift from seeing them as singular entity and you distinguish the distinct movements of each person? While as a couple the dancers display harmony, each dancer also expresses his or her character and gestures that are their own. Each person has their own essential way of moving, yet the two dancers move in union, their steps inform one another and there’s creativity and play in their interactions.

AT THE END OF YOUR ARM The best place to find a helping hand is at the end of your own arm. --Swedish proverbr Every now and again a quote comes to you that is just so obvious but true! There are so many looking for help, looking to others to “fix” them and take responsibility for themr Getting help does start at the end of your arm; it sure did for me. We are entering into a period of time which for many of us is supposed to be “Joyous” and fun no matter what your religion. For many this time of the year has a strong religious component.r

Most of us have been manipulated at some point in our lives. It may have come from someone we love or someone we need something from. We may have been manipulated by a friend or a social group. It is possible to have been manipulated by our employers, customers or our vendors. How are they ...